surgical management of calcified liver hydatid cyst complicated with thoracobiliary fistula: a case series and literature review

thoracobiliary fistula is a rare complication of hydatid cyst of the liver especially in the calcified form. surgery is the only medical option. the treatment consists of radical surgical procedures in the majority of the patients. conservative surgical treatments are performed with high mortality rate. herein, we will describe two patients of calcified hydatid cysts of the liver whose condition becomes complicated with thoracobiliary fistula. the first patient was treated with right thoracotomy and resection of pleural hydatid cysts. then, were evacuated the ruptured laminated membrane and daughter cysts of infected hepatic hydatid cysts through diaphragmatic opening and sub diaphragmatic drainage of the calcified liver hydatid cyst. the second patient was also treated with right thoracotomy, resection of pulmonary hydatid cysts, evacuation of ruptured bile stained laminated membrane and daughter cysts of hepatic hydatid cysts through diaphragmatic opening and sub diaphragmatic drainage of the calcified cyst cavity. our patients underwent conservative surgery which posed a severe risk. both cases are discussed together with review of the literature.